What Is Organisational Behaviour Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1158 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? This essay is writing about organisation behaviour which is widely used both in past and contemporary society in business field. Firstly, it will be benefit to know what is organisational behaviour and why it exist. Secondly, what are managers and effective managers should be addressed to know, as well as their functions. Lastly, the contemporary issues organisational behaviour would be confront in todays business society. According to Jack Wood et al.(2013, p.5), it emerged as an academic discipline during the late 1940s and has been prominent as an academic subject in business schools since then. Even through hundreds of definition has been given through out the history, however, the most two acceptable and accessible definitions are given by Jack Wood and Stephen P.Robbins. In the first place, according to Jack Wood et al.(2013,p.5),organisational behaviour is the study of individuals and groups in organisations. What is more, Organisational behaviour is a f ield of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organisations for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organisations effectiveness was the case Stephen P.Robbins et al(2005,p.9). According to this two definitions listed above, organisational behaviour is sort of relationship which is strongly consolidated between employers and employees both in the aspects of time and space, as well as material and spiritual. More specific, organisational behaviour is the research in organisations and organisational interaction with the environment, people engaged in the work of the psychological activity and behaviour reaction regularity of science. When one certain thing were arising from the historical context, people may ask why did it exist, generally speaking, in terms of necessity. In other words, everything conducted by a determined reason. For organisations, according to Jack Wood et al(2013,p.7)organisation s are mechanisms through which many people combine their efforts and work together to accomplish more than any one person could alone for individuals are limited in their physical and mental capabilities. It is carefully and specifically divided people into divergent certain groups in terms of what they capable of doing, so classified people should be addressed to organisations; what else, the organisations gather people to a setting environment to accomplishing fixed objectives. For instance, if take granted that university as an organisation, the professors are managers and the students are employees, professors are supervising the students to achieving certain pedagogically academic task, in their counterpart, the students, with the assistant of the professors via their own physical and mental endeavor to achieve their personal goal. Based on an extensive horizon, they are working together to accomplish the universitys teaching objectives which is contributing to the society. Tha t is to say, neither the professors nor the students are able to contributing to the humanity educational career. So it can be clearly see form the example that most people are raised and educated in organisations, acquire most of their material possessions from organisations, and die as a member of organisation was the case Ricky W. Griffin et al(2012,p..5) .That is the importance of the organisations, and why organisations are exist. People, who is the core and essential factor which is prerequisite achieving certain goals in any circumstance no except from organisations. According to Jack Wood (2013), managers as a key role in organisations is a person who is responsible for work that is accomplished through the performance contributions of one or more other people. In other words, managers, both administers and assistants they are, helping and assisting workers, as well as themselves to achieve business and personal objectives in organisations. Other than managers, organisati ons are more prefer to accept effective managers. When people talking about effective managers, according to Jack Wood et al.(2013) an effective manager is a manager whose work unit achieves high levels of task accomplishment and maintains itself as a cable workforce over time. That is to say, an effective manager is such a person leading his or her work team or unit to utilising both the human resources and physical resources to do anything necessary to accomplish one settled organisational objectives with highly well-managed efficiency. Because of this, firstly, how to managing task performance, what is to say, how to enhancing and improving productivity by leading and using work unit is required with a successful effective managers. Secondly, how to maintain human resource is the other key point should be addressed, that is to say to be the voice of employees, negotiating with employers to fixed that the right people go to the right place, to do the right work, and rewarded by ri ght prize. According to Jack Wood et al.(2013) effective managers should never allow a valuable human contribution to be lost for lack of proper care. So QWL is one of the vital factors can be highlighted, for it not only affect the employees working performance at work place, but also disturb their personal life after work.. In the last place, the psychological contracts should be concerned on effective managers, because according to Jennifer and Gareth(2004,p.237)it is an employees perception of his or her exchange relationship with an organisation, outcomes the organisation has promised to provide to the employee, and contributions the employee is obligated to make to the organisation. If only the balance among employers and employees are claimed, organisations are operating in a healthy way. Comparing to the former business fields, organisations nowadays are confronting many challenges and new issues that has never faced before, as well as organisational behaviour. At first p lace, Australias Financial Review(as cited in Raymond J.Stone) globalisation is allowing skilled labor to move like capital across the world to locations that offer the best compensation and the best future. For this, globalisation requiring managers to manage organisations to adapting world market by updating competencies and strategies. According to Stephen et al(2004,p.15) organisations are no longer constrained by national borders. What is more, the changing nature work, workforce and relationship between employers and employees had a profound effect on organisational behaviour. Because the nature of work is changed by the globalisation, so it requires both employers and employees updating their internal and external capabilities to fit in the globally new market. Under the condition of workforce diversity, according to Debra and James et al(2011,p.630) the workforce will see increased participation from women and the work force will be more culturally diverse than ever. At the same time, the relationships between employers and employees had never had enhanced and consolidated before, which means that duties and responsibilities are highly expected from each other among employers and employees for their on sake. In this essay, we are discussing about what is organizational behavior and why it is exist, then we define what is a manager and what is an effective manager, what is more, the function of an effective manager. In the end, what are the new issues and the challenges organisational behaviour are faced today. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What Is Organisational Behaviour Business Essay" essay for you Create order

Link Between Emotional Intelligence and Cross-Cultural...

Reilly, A.H. and Karounos, T.J. (2009), â€Å"Exploring the Link between Emotional Intelligence and Cross-Cultural Leadership Effectiveness†, Journal of International Business and Cultural Studies, Vol. 1, Feb. 2009, pp. 1 – 13. Introduction Along with the globalization of business, many corporations are facing the challenge of operating in a different culture. The writers made a connection between emotional intelligence and cross-cultural leadership effectiveness to deal with this situation, this article also presented some significant results and implications which were greatly helpful for our company. This report is aimed at review the article and pick out something useful to raise staff awareness of cross-cultural issues. In this paper,†¦show more content†¦Then the writer put forward studying cultural clusters as a method to examine similarities between cultures. In order to examine the relationship between EI and cross-cultural leadership, the writers surveyed international sales Managers from four cultural clusters (Anglo, Latin European, Eastern European and Southern Asia), which are chosen from the categories of Project GlOBE. Finally, the research got some significant results: EI is a key component for a successful leadership and emotional intelligence traits have a widely applicability in different cultures. Especially, social skill, which comprising the ability of adjusting to a different cultural environment, is regarded as a crucial element of being a successful global sales manager. For the international sales managers, it is essential to know well the complexity of relationships between cultures so that they can identify the factors which contribute to form connections in a cultural setting (Hofstede,1997). The results of this study indicate that international managers should pay high attention to the systematic study of cultural circumstance and select their leadership style according to the cultural conditions. Furthermore, the findings of this study emphasize the importance of EI to effective leadership and suggest that social skill, as one characteristic of EI, is very important to effective international leadership. Thus trainingShow MoreRelatedConflict, Conflict And Power Issues On Organizational Life And The Practice Of Social Work1299 Words   |  6 Pageswhich come from the Thomas Kilmann Model. These strategies can be considered in terms of who wins and who loses. Other models use different labels but express the same ideas as Thomas and Kilmann (2016), in that these five styles show the balance between concern for self and concern for other. 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With increasing diversity and intercultural settings at the workplace, many leaders have to juggle between their standard organizational roles and cultural adaptations that need to be done considering the level of employees variety. While traditional authoritarian attitude may fail to keep up employees morale, participative approaches might make it difficultRead MoreThe Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence And Leadership Style That Differentiate Effective Leaders9113 Words   |  37 PagesThe purpose of this quantitative correlation study is to examine the degree and extent of a relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership style that differentiate effective leaders. A brief review of the literature was conducted using the following resources, Northcentral University Library (NCU Roadrunner), Google Scholar, Galileo, and ProQuest. 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Subatomic Particles and the Human Buffer System Free Essays

Essay-Subatomic Particles There are three different types of subatomic particles. The nucleus of an atom is composed of two different types of particles, protons and neutrons. Protons are positively charged atoms. We will write a custom essay sample on Subatomic Particles and the Human Buffer System or any similar topic only for you Order Now The weight of a proton is one amu. Protons are located inside the nucleus and cannot move from inside the nucleus. The proton symbol is . Neutrons are also located inside the nucleus and have a neutral charge. Neutrons are also one amu like protons. Neutrons can move from the nucleus of an atom making an atom an isotope. The neutron symbol is . Electrons are located outside the nucleus in energy levels. Electrons have a negative charge and weigh approximately 1/2000th of an amu. The weight is almost insignificant. Electrons can vary in an atom making cations and anions. Cations are a positive charge when an atom loses an electron. Anions are a negative charge when an atom gains an electron. These are the three subatomic particles that make up an atom and their characteristics. Essay- Buffer System Buffers resist pH fluctuations. A buffer is composed of a weak acid and a weak base. Carbonic acid is the weak acid and bicarbonate is the weak base. When a solution is to acidic the pH is low and there are to many hydrogen ions. The low pH level is caused by to many hydrogen ions. To make a solution neutral you would need to make more acid my combining bicarbonate and hydrogen ions to form carbonic acid. By doing this you are reducing the number of hydrogen ions in a solution. When a solution is to basic the pH is high and the number of hydrogen ions is low. The pH is high because the solution has a low number of hydrogen ions. To make a solution neutral in a basic solution you need to break down carbonic acid increasing the number of hydrogen ions. How to cite Subatomic Particles and the Human Buffer System, Papers

Choate, P. (1986). The High

Choate, P. (1986). The High-flex Society. New York Essay : Alfred A. Knopf. Choate, P. (1986). The high-flex society. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Koretz, G. (1997). Help wanted by small business. Business Week. August 25, 1997, pp 32. Lynch, M. (1997). Choosers not beggars. Business Week. September 15, 1997, pp 8. Reynolds, A. (1994). Employment crisis: running out of willingworkers. SIRS Researcher. October 24, 1994, pp 35+. Shapiro, H.T. (1996). One education way. Colorado Springs:Junior Achievement Inc. Simons, P. (1989). Lets put America back to work. Chicago: BonusBooks. Zycher, B. (1995). Minimal evidence. SIRS Researcher. June, 1995, pp 44-47. Unemployment has been a problem throughout the United States since the beginning of our economic structure.In the most obvious sense, unemployment means being without a job. The term unemployment is one description of the economic condition of a society at any given time.Low unemployment means the majority of the labor force is involved in, or looking for steady work.On the other hand, high unemployment is an indication of an economy in recession, or even worse.This implies that a sizable percentage of the labor force is not currently working Different metals EssayFortunately, the United States economy and other market systems have an ability to recuperate and decrease their unemployment rate. According to The high-flex society Numerous remedies have been offered (Choate, 1986, P.23).For example, weentered the expansion phase where the business and consumer spending began to increase. Therefore, conditions were bound to improve along with business production. Eventually, the economy reaches a peak once again (Shaprio, 1996).Most expansion phases last about three to four years. Joblessness is at record lows, and yet people are staying unemployed longer (Lynch, 1997).According to, the SIRS Researcher the unemployment rate has fallen sharply since 1992 (Reynolds, 1994, P.35).The number of jobs has not been expanding particularly quickly.Polls taken show that employment has been growing about 2 percent a year since 1993-94.Then exactly how does the unemployment rate drop so much within a short period of time?Critics believe that consumer confidence has increased a sizable amount and they are becoming more picky.Business week stated that The picture does not get any better than this (Kortez, 1997, P.32). The United States has fought each type of foughtunemployment differently.There are several steps that can be taken to achieve low unemployment once again.These steps are also known as the fiscal point and the monetary policy. Fiscal point occurs when taxing and spending are used to regulate economic activity. In turn, this creates the economy to surge and force s the economy into an expansion phase.On the other hand, monetary policies include government policies that have had a great effect on the interest rates. This also affects the quantity of the money within circulation. According to the SIRS Researcher, Some people believe the government must become the employer of last resort if an industry cannot use the nations total labor force (Zycher, 1995, P.46).Eventhough many of the European countries have this policy, The United States has not bothered to pay any attention to it. This is mainly because there is little to no backing on such a policy because federal budget deficits have become to much of a major problem. Choate, P. (1986). The high-flex society. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Koretz, G. (1997). Help wanted by small business. Business Week. August 25, 1997, pp 32. Lynch, M. (1997). Choosers not beggars. Business Week. September 15, 1997, pp 8. Reynolds, A. (1994). Employment crisis: running out of willingworkers. SIRS Researcher. October 24, 1994, pp 35+. Shapiro, H.T. (1996). One education way. Colorado Springs:Junior Achievement Inc. Simons, P. (1989). Lets put America back to work. Chicago: BonusBooks. Zycher, B. (1995). Minimal evidence. SIRS Researcher. June, 1995, pp 44-47. Unemployment has been a problem throughout the United States since the beginning of our economic structure.In the most obvious sense, unemployment means being without a job. The term unemployment is one description of the economic condition of a society at any given time.Low unemployment means the majority of the labor force is involved in, or looking for steady work.On the other hand, high unemployment is an indication of an economy in recession, or even worse.This implies that a sizable percentage of the labor force is not currently working.Until they actually start working again, they will be counted in government data as unemployed (Shapiro, 1996). The Bureau of the Census in the Department of Commerce collects and tabulates the unemployment statistics in the united states.Next, this information is given to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) which is held in the labor department. The BLS then calculates the unemployment rate and publishes the statistics. Every month, agents revisit a set amount of households all over the United States.Some economists criticize the governments method of calculating unemployment because it fails to include discouraged workers in its data (Shapiro, 1996). Discouraged workers include those who have looked for a job over a large period of time and havesimply quit.For this reason, critics say, real unemployment may be extensively larger than one might think. Throughout the 1900s there has been numerous polls taken that shocked everyone. The unemployment rate for those who cannot read and write is dramatically higher than for those who can (Simons, 1989).Illiteracy is a hidden problem throughout the United States (Simons, 1989).Another poll taken showed that an estimated 23 percent of Americans can read a stop sign but cannot fill out an employment form. Of those who can read and write, large numbers of adults cannot read and write past the fifth grade level (Zycher, 1995). How are people going to get a job if they are not even able to inform the company of their skills?Another interesting fact, is The severest deficient demand in the United States occurred during the Great Depression in the 1930s. In fact, at one point the unemployment rate had raised to twenty five percent in 1933.Fortunately, after world war one had begun the need for military had decreased the rate to as low as 1.2 percent (Reynolds, 1994). On the other hand, most people did not even pay any attention to the unemployment rate, because the considered laziness to be the main cause. Several possibilities have been speculated, but none have been proven to be the single cause of high unemployment.It is plainlyclear that there have been several problems that play a role when the unemployment rate increases.Indeed, the experience of the past several decades suggest that no simple, quick, or radical remedy can eliminate the multitude of choke-points that are strangling U.S. economic and political processes (Choate,1986). Causes of unemployment can vary.Some economists have defined several types of unemployment. One type is frictional unemployment.This is a temporary and unavoidable period of time where a person is out of the work force.According to One education way,There are always some people who are out of work for completely unavoidable reasons (Shapiro, 1996, P.151). Another example, is when technological and other changes cause structural unemployment. There are also clinicalchanges in which changes in general business occur. Peak is a period of time when spend ing amounts are extremely high along with employment rates.After a period of peak, activity consumers and business reduce unemployment rates along with their spending levels.As this spending falls, other business firms begin to cut back on their spending.As spending decreases, production goes into a phase of recession, in which the decline of the gross domestic product occurs.Without excessspending, the whole line of supply and demand is severely impacted.After the peak and recession phase, the economy enters its lowest point (Sharpiro, 1996).The factories and firms begin to operate at less productive levels. This, in turn, creates high unemployment.This phase is referred to as trough. The economy now enters another phase that impacts the unemployment rate. This phase is known as expansion. Now is the time of recuperating. During this time, business and consumers begin to increase their spending and production once again. Unemployment rates begin to decline as more workers are hired onto the job force.This is where the economy brings itself back to normal. According to One Educated Way Despite the pattern of peak, recession, trough, and expansion; the principle story of economics history is growth (Sharpiro, 1996, P.150).This has been occurring throughoutthe United States since world war one.We have experienced ups and downs in our economy throughout the century. The federal government is promoting maximum employment, production and purchasing power. Fortunately, the United States economy and other market systems have an ability to recuperat

How Freelance Work Can Help You Find Your Passion

It’s infinitely important that you love what you study in college. You’re going to be studying this topic for years, so how else are you going to thrive if you don’t enjoy it? It’s unfortunate, however, that often, what you love studying doesn’t always translate into a lucrative career. This is a familiar conundrum to many people who loved college but haven’t felt the same level of satisfaction with their work lives. The good news is that, just as it took you time to determine what field you wanted to study in college, you have time to find your passion in the work field before you even graduate. The answer lies in freelancing. Using freelance work during college to identify your dream job Test yourself When you were in high school (and even younger), you were exposed to different subjects of study and you used this experience to rule out what you did and did not want to focus on in college. You may have even continued narrowing this down during your freshman year. Now, let’s say you already have an idea of your intended career path. Maybe you want to become an attorney or work with a technology startup. But how can you know for certain if you haven’t already been exposed to this environment? If you jump into something without testing it out first, you might find yourself stuck in a dead-end career or, even worse, going back to and paying for years of graduate school for a degree that won’t help you in the long run. So take the time to load your resume with work experience. College is one of the very few times you’ll have the chance to try out various industries and companies through part-time, short-term projects. Love social media? Help a startup develop a plan to engage its followers. Want to work in website design? Sign up to evaluate the user experience of a B2B company. If you realize something isn’t for you, then you won’t be stuck biding your time through a one-year contract, or even a three-month summer internship. Stand out from the masses Perhaps the most immediate benefit to part-time freelancing in college is getting paid. But beyond that, you’ll also be doing yourself a lot of favors in the long run. Any extra work you take on top of your student workload is already helping you stand out from the pack. Plus, once you find your dream job, you can supplement your application with specific projects that you helped bring to life, rather than a checklist of training assignments designed for interns. Along the way, you’ll create real relationships with valuable references that can speak to your work ethic, ability to meet deadlines, and willingness to work with a team—traits that are valuable and transferrable to any job in the future. Identify your optimal work environment Freelancing gives you the opportunity to focus in on what you love to do the most and how you can make a career out of it. It also enables you to find out firsthand what type of environment you want to do it in. The more people you work with before you graduate, the better you will come to understand how you work under different management styles and business structures. And the more you know about this, the more intelligent questions you’ll be able to ask when you start interviewing for full-time positions. So get ahead of the game and take advantage of freelance work before you graduate. You’ll be giving yourself the same experiential benefits that you had when you chose your major, while simultaneously boosting your resume. Perhaps most importantly, you’ll be narrowing down what it is you love to do and the environment in which you’d like to work. Check out freelance jobs for college students to get started and find where you excel!

The Rise Essay Example

The Rise Essay Example The Rise Essay The Rise Essay The History of FESTIVAL CITY Festival City is a territory which holds a very significant place in Guyanas history. Festival City was built specifically to house the delegates of the first ever Caribbean Festival of Arts (CARIFESTA) in 1972. Visiting guests and artists were accommodated at Festival City. A total of 250 houses were constructed out of Guyanas world renowned Greenheart timber, in North Ruimveldt, Georgetown. The houses were furnished with Nibbee living room suites woven by Guyanas Amerindians. The entire decor is local, aking use of Guyanas woods and her flowers, etc. The Festival City Territory is comprised of 13 Streets which all have unique significance to the citys history. Its border spans 5 vertically parallel streets namely, Unity Place Road, Blue Mountain Road, Mittelholzer Street, Flying Fish Street and Spring View Avenue and 8 horizontally parallel streets namely, Nutmeg Street, Willemstad Street, E. R Borrowes Street, Hummingbird Street, Soufriere Street, Cul de Sac Street, Ozama Street and Layou Street. of the 13 streets were named after historic people and places in the Caribbean. Blue Mountain Road obtained its name from a historical landmark in Jamaica. Blue Mountain peak is the highest mountain in Jamaica and one of the highest peaks in the Caribbean, its name is indeed plausible and appropriate enough to be used as the name of a street in a city with such rich Caribbean culture. Mittelholzer Street obtained its name from a famous Guyanese novelist, Edgar A ustin Mittelholzer. He was considered as the first professional novelist to come out of the English-speaking Caribbean. His novels include characters and situations from a ariety of places within the Caribbean, and range in time from the early period of European settlement to the twentieth century. They feature a cross-section of ethnic groups and social classes, dealing with subjects of historical, political, psychological, and moral interest. Mittelholzer is certainly the most prolific novelist to be produced by the Caribbean; hence it was indeed an appropriate gesture to have one of the streets in Festival City named after such a historic icon. Flying Fish Street, as funny as its name may seem, was named after a fish which still originates from Barbados. Barbados is well known in the Caribbean as the Land of The Flying Fish and it is no surprise that today The Flying Fish is its official national fish. It is also no surprise that its name is used as a street name in one of Guyanas most bragged about cities. Nutmeg Street, which also has a funny name, inherited its name from a popular spice found in Grenada, a Caribbean country referred to as The Spice Islands. The nutmeg tree has a rich legacy and is closely related to Christmas. It puts Grenada on the map because Grenada is one of the only places in the world that the nutmeg rees are found. Its rarity made it appropriate to have a street named after it. E. R. Borrowes Street obtained its name from a renowned artist and art teacher who founded the Working Peoples Art Class (WPAC), the first established art institution in Guyana. Borrowes was born in Barbados in 1903, of African origin. He arrived in Guyana as a young child. His father worked for the privately owned Daily Chronicle. After his fathers death, the family had little money to live on. When Borrowes left primary school he became a tailors apprentice. He continued to study from books, and passed examinations in English Language and Literature, English History, and Scripture. The E R Borrowes School of Art, an undergraduate institution accredited by the University of Guyana, is named after him. It was indeed plausible to name a street after someone who has made such a huge contribution to art in Guyana and furthermore a large impact on Guyanas history. Soufriere Street, Soufriere is a word with many historical landmarks attached to it. Soufriere is a town on the West Coast of Saint Lucia. The town and the surrounding district has a population of 7,935. Originally founded by the French it was the original capital of the island. La Soufri? ©re (The Sulfurer) or Soufriere Saint Vincent is an active volcano on the island of Saint Vincent in the Windward Islands of the Caribbean. Many volcanoes in the Caribbean are named Soufriere (French: sulphur outlet). These include Soufriere Hills on Montserrat and La Grande Soufriere on Guadeloupe. It is no surprise that a street in Festival City is named Soufriere, its name is legendary, has great weights attached it nd is indeed appropriate enough to be used as a street name. Ozama Street obtained its name from the famous Ozama River (Spanish: Rio Ozama) found in the Dominican Republic. We can trace its source to the Loma Siete Cabezas in the Sierra de Yamas? ¤ close to Villa Altagracia. The river flows 148 kilometers before emptying into the Caribbean Sea. At the end of the Journey it bisects the capital, Santo Domingo, into eastern and western halves. The three main tributaries of the Ozama are the Isabela River, the Sabita River and the Yabacao River. Christopher Columbus s said to have moored his ship in the river when he first arrived in Santo Domingo. With such a fascinating history it is doesnt come by surprise that this rivers name was used to name a street in Festival City. Layou Street, Layou is a small town located on the island of Saint Vincent, in Saint Andrew Parish. Layou is located on the western coast of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and was one of the first areas of settlement by the French, who were the first Europeans to settle in St. Vincent and The Grenadines in the early part of the eighteenth century. Even before then the Caribs used it as one of their settlements, as it is evident from the petroglyphs which are found in the area. Saint Vincent surely has the right to boast when it comes to its countrys culture and Guyana indeed made a very wise decision when it chose to name one of its streets in Festival City after this small town found in Saint Vincent. This name is indeed suitable and fits in perfectly with all the other streets which have names attached to significant people and places in the Caribbean. Festival City had its own Bank and Post Office, Resident Doctor and nurses on duty, Police Station, Fire Service, Laundry, restaurants, shops and a transportation pool but after many years many of these facilities have become non-functional, however the Library, Clinic and Community Centre still play very important roles in the lives of residents. Festival City has always been and forever will be the home of CARIFESTA, it is one of Guyanas most prized communities and is that one other aspect of Guyanese culture that puts Guyana on the world map, it sets Guyana aside from the many other countries which have hosted CARIFESTA and will in the near or distant future host CARIFESTA.

Contact allergy to cinnamon case report Assignment

Contact allergy to cinnamon case report - Assignment Example nickel, palladium, gold and mercury used in dental amalgam may also cause contact stomatitis. Allergic contact stomatitis is classified as type IV hypersensitivity reaction and prone to people who have previously been sensitized to the allergen. Its reaction falls under â€Å"delayed hypersensitivity reaction† as it several hours or even a day for the antigen reaction to become evident. The allergic process occurs in two phases namely the induction phase and the effector phase. In the induction phase, the allergens which have infiltrated and bound themselves to epithelial protein thus forming complexes are phagocytised by macrophages, specialized cells. The cells then move to regional ganglia stimulating production of the memory T lymphocytes. These lymphocytes are responsible for keeping memory of the antigen so as to trigger a more rapid immune response in the event of subsequent occurrences of the antigen. The effector phase is characterised with the activation and production of T lymphocytes (CD4 cells) by the cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8 cells) produces in the fi rst phase. The cytotoxic T lymphocytes bind to the epithelial cells causing the death of cells that present the complexes. There are two basic reasons as to why this condition is not common despite high rates of exposure to the allergens: first, saliva ensures constant cleaning of the mucosa thus minimizing contact time with the allergen; and, second, the high degree of vascularisation of the mucosa increases the rate of antigen absorption, reducing further prolonged exposure to these substances. Contact stomatitis manifest in a number of symptoms which include tissular edema, erythema, cracking, ulcerative areas, hyperkeratosis, desquamation, and vesicles. They manifest in the area that is exposed to the causal agent and may be with or without pain. Its appearance is determined

Technology is Bad for Us Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Technology is Bad for Us - Essay Example These are only a small fraction of the numerous reasons why technology has been considerably harmful to the lives and wellbeing of the people whom it affects. While it has had a reasonable number of positive effects on the lives of these people also, it seems that if health and the emotional wellbeing of people are priorities for a society, the negative effects outweigh the positive effects. One major reason, which is widely accepted throughout every part of the world, is that the increasing technology is affecting the health of people negatively. This is a fact, which has a significant impact on any country or city, where the people experience a significant influence of technology in their everyday lives. This occurs mainly because technology offers people several alternatives to physical exertion. The people, whose ancestors used to walk for miles to get from any location to the next, have the luxury to drive themselves. This ease has facilitated their lives so much that they hesit ate to distances, which require ten-minute walk. Even these ten minutes seem a lot to spare to someone who is living in the fast-moving world of today, a world, which has speeded up immensely due to the rise of technological advancement. Nevertheless, even those people who do not work under the pressure of deadlines and time constraints choose to take this shortcut to travelling, simply because it is the easier, more convenient option. This has led to a very serious problem amongst the people of today, which is obesity and high cholesterol, each of which are avoidable only if one is in the habit of physically exerting themselves daily, whether by exercise, sports or simply walking the distances they need to travel (Kates, Hohenesmer and Kasperson, pp. 402-460). The obesity one sees in the developed countries today is something, which was not so common just a few decades ago. This in itself is proof that technology has had an adverse effect on the wellbeing of people. There are also several other aspects of technology today, which encourage people to choose convenience over hard work, simply due to the ease with which the relevant technology is available. An example of this phenomenon is how people choose to send emails, text messages and call people rather than going to visit them or using a slightly less convenient method of communication, such as writing a letter. This, on the surface of it, is a large advantage of technology, as it is an example of the several ways in which technology makes our lives more efficient and speedy. However, people pay a large price in terms of the negative effect this has on the relationships between people. There was once a time when one would make an effort to meet their family occasionally, if living separately, in order to maintain the relationship, and embellish the bond that exists between them. This has, however, been dismissed from the list of priorities as people have learned to replace a heartfelt meeting with a twenty -minute phone call. The level of intimacy in the interactions has decreased due to this reason, as people do not value meeting in person as much as they used to. Friends, who would keep in touch by meeting occasionally and catching up with each other, are now content with exchanging a few words through text message or Facebook wall posts. One can compare this substitute for live meetings to substituting fresh vegetables for canned food. While the content of both the meetings and the text messages

Les Maitres Fous Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Les Maitres Fous - Essay Example They kill and eat a dog; in traditional Nigerian culture, it is forbidden to eat dogs, so this element is a transgressive ritual that demonstrates the forbidden power the men are channeling. They make noise with the clapping of wooden guns, representing both the formal (marches and parades) and informal (death and destruction) powers of the guns from the British colonial perspective. Only â€Å"pure ones† can participate in the ritual; whether this is because of a belief that the spirits can only fill the pure ones or because of a belief that only the pure should be trusted with the power is not clear, and the answer is probably some admixture of both. Finally, the possessed are tested by burning and boiling: Proving that they have become more than men. It is noteworthy that the vast majority of the film's subjects (or objects, as Rouch extorts and invites the audience to truly participate in the ritual and essentially become Hauka for some minutes) are men. Rouch doesn't note this extensively, but this further complicates an already complex ethnography. It is all well and good to talk about what African colonial memory might be, but this seems to be African male colonial memory and coping mechanisms. Women seem to be reacting differently.

Contrasting And Comparing Mass Society With Popular Culture Media Essay

Contrasting And Comparing Mass Society With Popular Culture Media Essay When studying mass society and popular culture it is evident that there is a connection between the two theories. Yet, both also consist of two different perspectives in the relationship between media and its audiences. Popular culture, also known as pop culture, is a modern day standard of living life and items that are well recognized and usually accepted by our society today. On the other hand mass society is a society which possesses a mass culture and large-scale, distant, social institutions. The theories of mass society and popular culture provide two distinct perspectives on the relationship between media and the audience. However, in modern civilization it is mass society that dominates and is more applicable in todays society. Sub Topics: What is mass society? What is popular culture? Mass society and the audience. Popular culture and the audience. Proof that mass society is more applicable in todays society. Conclusion. Paragraph 1: When attempting to grasp the theory of mass society it is important to know that mass society is a theoretical perspective which is most popularly defined as a passive and manipulative form which possesses a mass culture and a number of people in modern day society. In other words mass society is a theory that draws together the work of various classical social theorists, as well as behavior scientists. Unlike popular culture, in a mass society people are manipulated into feeling the need to buy what there being sold, by the media, for personal needs. Individuals are seen as rootless not treated or valued on the basis of their individual qualities but bound together by needs rather than tradition (Kevin Williams Pg.25). Overall it is the mass society theory that has encouraged a view of the effects of the media on peoples lives and behaviors as straight forward and unmistakable. Paragraph 2: Similar to the majority of things that form a big part of our daily lives, popular culture is familiar and obvious. Popular culture, also referred to as pop culture, by definition consists of the traditional practices and beliefs or way of living life. It is in fact a collection of practices society follows in their everyday life. Popular culture consists of two very important words that help define its purpose and meaning a little better; the words popular and culture. Popular is the word used to define something that is liked by many individuals and the majority. An example of this would be the show The Jersey Shore. A television program that has been ranked by its viewers and MTV live, as the number one show that teenagers watched when it was aired. Making the show what is defined as something popular. The word culture on the other hand, has two definitions to it. One being the artistically perspective and cultural sense, and the other definition is an understanding that culture i s a form of living life and what can differentiate between our social and ethnic groups. Although these two definitions are the most common to culture, there are still other definitions applied to it. Another for example is; the social production and reproduction of sense, meaning and consciousness, the sphere of meaning which unifies the spheres of production (economics) and social relations (politics). (OBrian. p.5). This is merely an example, because of the many definitions that can be given to culture, of how diverse even the term culture itself is. From the two terms popular and culture springs the theory of Popular Culture, which is an acceptable way of consuming and producing and living life freely. Paragraph 3: As stated previously, the mass society theory is known to have a way with its audience. Threw the theory of mass media, the media is known to be passive and manipulative with the audience. The media manipulates its audience to desire and consume whatever it is they are attempting to sell and produce. Although many sociologists would go against this belief that the media does has a direct effect and sense of control on their audience, the constant growth rate and vast amount of money that corporations gain today says the contrary. In modern times, society is filled with constant advertisements that corporations produce so that their products will be purchased and used by individuals. Aside from the vast amount of advertisements on television society is also surrounded by more advertisements outside of the television, such as magazines and billboards. The question still arises; if the media does not have an influence on its audience why is it that so much money is being put into advert ising? (Kevin Williams, Pg. 165). It is evident that the media does in fact have a huge impact on society today. Paragraph 4: When looking at popular culture and the audience it can be argued that unlike mass society, popular culture is not primarily about consuming and production. Popular culture is not just a business it is also a lifestyle and unlike mass society it gives society the choice and freedom to choose what they do and do not want to consume. For example; when different trends are born individuals are given the option to follow these trends or to chose a different trend that they feel will show there personality better. Even with foods and life styles pop culture will vary. It is a choice and a way of living that is constantly changing throughout time. Paragraph 5: In todays culture it is obvious that mass society does dominate. The purpose to sell and suck the audience into the products is becoming harder to resist. Individuals are being manipulated from a very young age by the numerous amounts of corporations and advertisements surrounding them in their everyday lives. James Steyer, the author of the book The Other Parent, writes the following in his book; Its pretty clear that the goal of this multinational, sophisticated marketing scheme is not to benefit young children who shouldnt be watching a lot of TV anyways but to sell and enrich the network, manufacturers, and producers. (Steyer, Pg.98). This is the case in present times as mass society has their way with its victims. James Steyer later states that the target of these huge, manipulative campaigns are children of all ages, like his two year old daughter Carly. The aim was to encourage her attachment to the TV characters so that shed ask for the licensed products(Steyer. Pg.98). Pro ving just how the theory of mass society is dominating more and more each day. Once children gain the emotional attachment to the TV persona, companies will use that attachment to sell and produce products that the audience feels a connection with so that they can sell through them. Conclusion and Restate Thesis: Overall, the when comparing and contrasting the two theories of mass society and popular culture one can acknowledge that although both are two businesses, they are two different perspectives on mass media and society. Attempting to grasp an understanding of how the mass society works and has come to be known as passive and manipulative requires a lot of over viewing. The theories of mass society and popular culture provide two distinct perspectives on the relationship between media and the audience. However, in modern civilization it is mass society that dominates and is more applicable in todays society.

Comparing Don Juan and Jack Worthing Essay -- Literary Analysis

The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde and Don Juan by Lord Byron are two distinctive pieces in British literature. In both stories, the male characters take center stage. The character of Jack Worthing in The Importance of Being Earnest and Juan in Don Juan share many similarities. Both men are from the upper class, both take an avid interest in the opposite sex, and both are controlled by the women in their lives. The difference between these two characters arises in their outcomes and may stem from the fact that each author is from a distinct literary era. Lord Byron’s work is associated with the Romantic movement, a movement concerned about bringing genuine characteristics to the forefront in order to break barriers between classes. In Don Juan, Juan, after having an affair with a married woman, is sent off to travel by his mother—possibly so he does not have to face society after such a scandal. His affair and subservience shows he is weak. Despite his aristocracy, Bryon shows Juan as a flawed character in order to make him relatable to all classes. Oscar Wilde’s work is considered part of the late Victorian era, a period that was all about appearances. At the end of The Importance of Being Earnest, Jack blackmails his way into marrying a girl of equal status, Gwendolen. This act shows that he is manipulative—everything he does is for his own benefit. Jack is shown to be to concerned about his own appearance and does not care who he hurts in the process. Each author describes each male character’s outcome in relation to the literary movement he was connected to. One similarity Jack and Juan share is that they are both from the upper class. In Don Juan, Lord Byron provides the au... ... Works Cited Craft, Christopher. "Alias Bunbury: Desire and Termination in The Importance of Being Earnest." Jstor.org. University of California Press, 1990. 19-46 Web. 1 May 2012 Clubbe, John. Keats-Shelley Journal Vol. 24. 1975. 152-55. Print Lauber, John. â€Å"Don Juan as Anti-Epic† Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900 Vol. 8, No. 4, Nineteenth Century (Autumn, 1968), pp. 607-619 Lord Byron. â€Å" Don Juan.† The Norton Anthology of English Litearture. 8th ed. Vol. D. New York. Norton. 2006. 670-697.Print "Romanticism." The Free Dictionary. Farlex. Web. 30 Apr. 2012. â€Å"Sigmund Freud Quotes." Sigmund Freud Quotes (Author of the Interpretation of Dreams). Goodreads Inc. Web. 01 May 2012. Wilde, Oscar. â€Å" The Importance of Being Earnest†. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 8th ed. Vol E. New York. Norton. 2006. 1698-1740Print.

Cda Autobiography Essay

My name is _______. I was born in Miami, Florida on September __, 1994. I was born into a large family with 5 older sisters and 2 younger as well. A few years ago I was graced with a niece, named __________; she has become the joy of my life. Most of my time, aside from working and school, is spent with her. Both of my parents were born _______, whereas my sisters and I were all born here in Miami. There’s a great dissimilarity in the way that things are done in______ and the way things are done here. The differences have brought a love and interest in all the diverse cultures of the world. As a child I always loved my teachers. They always found a way to make learning fun and exciting. I knew I wanted to work with kids when I got older and help them find learning just as fun and exciting as I did. Everyday I’d come home from school and teach what I’ve learned to my younger siblings using the same methods my teachers used. They began finding learning just as enjoyable as I’d hoped. From then on I was inspired to be part of the life changing team of childcare workers and instill the thoughts that learning is fun in young children today. I have lots of goals for a future in ECE. A projection of my short-term goals in ECE includes becoming a Child Development Associate. I feel that it would be an honor to be an educator to young children and introduce some of the behaviors that they will carry with them their entire life long. Some of my long-term goals include owning my own childcare center or becoming a pediatrician.

The Declaration of Independnce essays

The Declaration of Independnce essays The Declaration of Independence is arguably the most well known document in the United States history if not world history. It marked the beginning of an insurrection that gave birth to one of the strongest and youngest countries in the world. The committee that collaborated on The Declaration laid down the foundation for a new government of democracy and freedom. Those that contributed to knew that the document was to change the history of the colonies forever and start a revolution. The Declaration was written to show a new theory of government, reasons why they were separating from England, and a formal declaration of war. Written in 1776, mostly by Thomas Jefferson, this gave the colonies freedom from Britains tyranny. Jefferson uses a very strong and direct technique to express his statement. ...It becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another... from the very first paragraph shows that the colonies plan to secede completely from Britain. Jeffersons claim is that the colonies were being misgoverned by the British and they must break away for the benefit of the new states. Jefferson uses various forms of support for his claim. He begins by justifying a rebellion when he says, whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new government... He talks of virtues, safety and happiness to appeal to a new form of government and attempt to diminish uneasiness of a rebellion. He continues this by calling it their duty to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. He then uses specific examples of how the British regime ruled unlawfully, showing how King George refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. Going on h...

A Definition and Introduction to Ergonomics

A Definition and Introduction to Ergonomics Ergonomics is a term thrown around by health professionals and marketing mavens with a cavalier attitude. For some, it has a very specific meaning. For others, it covers everything under the sun. With all this different verbiage flying at you, you are probably starting to wonder, â€Å"What is Ergonomics?† Definition of Ergonomics Ergonomics derives from two Greek words: ergon, meaning work, and nomoi, meaning natural laws, to create a word that means the science of work and a person’s relationship to that work. The International Ergonomics Association has adopted this technical definition: ​ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance. That is not the most efficient definition of what ergonomics is. Let us keep things simple. Ergonomics is the science of making things comfy. It also makes things efficient. And when you think about it, comfy is just another way of making things efficient. However, for simplicity, ergonomics makes things comfortable and efficient. What Is the Study of Ergonomics? At its simplest definition ergonomics, it  literally means the science of work. So ergonomists, i.e. the practitioners of ergonomics, study work, how work is done and how to work better. It is the attempt to make work better that ergonomics becomes so useful. And that is also where making things comfortable and efficient comes into play. Ergonomics is commonly thought of in terms of products. But it can be equally useful in the design of services or processes. It is used in design in many complex ways. However, what you, or the user, is most concerned with is, â€Å"How can I use the product or service, will it meet my needs, and will I like using it?† Ergonomics helps define how it is used, how it meets your needs, and most importantly if you like it. It makes things comfy and efficient. What Is Comfort? Comfort is much more than a soft handle. Comfort is one of the greatest aspects of a design’s effectiveness. Comfort in the human-machine interface and the mental aspects of the product or service is a primary ergonomic design concern. Comfort in the human-machine interface is usually noticed first. Physical comfort in how an item feels is pleasing to the user. If you do not like to touch it, you wont. If you do not touch it, you will not operate it. If you do not operate it, then it is useless.​ The utility of an item is the only true measure of the quality of its design. The job of any designer is to find innovative ways to increase the utility of a product. Physical comfort while using an item increases its utility. Making an item intuitive and comfortable to use will ensure its success in the marketplace.   The mental aspect of comfort in the human-machine interface is found in feedback. You have preconceived notions of certain things. A quality product should feel like it is made out of quality materials. If it is lightweight and flimsy, you will not feel that comfortable using it. The look, feel, use, and durability of a product help you make a mental determination about a product or service. Basically, it lets you evaluate the quality of the item and compare that to the cost. Better ergonomics mean better quality, which means you will be more comfortable with the value of the item. What Is Efficiency? Efficiency is quite simply making something easier to do. Efficiency comes in many forms, however.​ Reducing the strength required makes a process more physically efficient.Reducing the number of steps in a task makes it quicker (i.e. efficient) to complete.Reducing the number of parts makes repairs more efficient.Reducing the amount of training needed, i.e. making it more intuitive, gives you a larger number of people who are qualified to perform the task. Imagine how inefficient trash disposal would be if your teenage child wasnt capable of taking out the garbage. Efficiency can be found almost everywhere. If something is easier to do, you are more likely to do it. If you do it more, then it is more useful. Again, the utility is the only true measure of the quality of a design. And if you willingly do something more often, you have a greater chance of liking it. If you like doing it, you will be more comfortable doing it. So the next time you hear the term ergonomics, you will know what it means to you. And, hopefully, that is a comforting thought.

International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

International business - Essay Example The Indian culture is characterized by heterogeneity thus differentiating various regions according to their local practices. It is a concern for internal firm that are keen to penetrate in this market to first study the cultural ramification of the country before embarking of an entry plan that will guarantee success. The paper makes an in-depth analysis of the techniques and methodologies that selected global companies have employed to successfully penetrate the market through a cultural perspective. Various approaches have been utilized depending of the cultural ramification that each organization was aiming as well as the target market that they were out to exploit. Measures undertaken were not only aimed at leveraging from the vast Indian population but also capitalize on other benefits such as cheap labour. Relatively, aspects of art and religion have also been examined on how they influence the penetration of new businesses in the Indian market as well as the factors that glob al firms have to pin point in order to attain a competitive advantage as far as the two aspects are concerned. India is arguably one of the most pleasant investment destinations that any global firm would fancy to penetrate given the large population that will provide market for their goods as well as the cheap labour that can be exploited by the community since the country has approximately 400 million trained human resources. India is a heterogeneous society as it has a blend of different cultures all under one nation. Traditionally, the country practiced Hinduism as its fundamental religion, and all its cultural aspects were derived from that element. However, with time the situation changed and today India has a mix of cultures starting with Hinduism, Islam, some Westernization and also traces of the British Raj can be experienced in some regions (Ferraro, 2010). Culture plays a critical role in conducting business in India since for a firm to be

Health & Illness Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Health & Illness - Assignment Example he health inequalities in Britain have grown to be viewed as a norm so that there is a big difference in the mortality and morbidity levels between upper social classes (the rich) and lower social classes who are the poor (Health Knowledge, 2011). In measuring the health inequalities it is necessary that we look at their causes. Determinants as age, sex, genetics, income, personal behavior, and social networks tend to affect health. In measuring inequalities we mainly have to draw focus on health socioeconomic determinants as income and housing. Morbidity is said to be a proportion of a particular disease in a given geographical area. As life expectancy increase in the UK, focus has been drifted towards prevalence of chronic illnesses which impact on the usage of health facilities. Wales has the lowest healthy life expectancy for all genders compared to England and all other parts of the UK (Hawe, 2008, pp. 5). Acording to Hawe (2008), the statistics stand at 65.6 years for males and 68.7years for females in 2003, compared to 67.6 (males) and 70.1 (females) years in the UK as a whole. Hawes table bellow shows statistical evidence: From the statistical evidence above we can draw analysis that that the health inequality depicted is due to poverty of the lower social class especially in most parts of Wales."People in affluent areas will likely live eight years longer than those in deprived parts of the North of England and South Wales." (Moore, 2015). We can then conclude that the more poor the geographical locality the more prevalent health illnesses. Mortality is being subject to death and its rate is the measure of number of deaths in a population. According to Mathews & Gardiner (2002, pp. 244), health and the risks of premature deaths are brought about by socio-economic factors throught life. The inequalities in imortalities in adulthood are widening more than in childhood due to poor cocioeconomic circumstances. Socioeconomic positions are highly associated

Railway shipment of hazardous cargo, Safety, and homeland security Essay

Railway shipment of hazardous cargo, Safety, and homeland security - Essay Example The law provided various guidelines on packaging and operational rules safeguarding the shipment of such commodities using the railway line (Downey, 2014). After the 1975 Act, various laws and bills have been adopted to control the conveyance accorded to hazardous products within the country. Through these improvements, there has been reduced number of accidents and spillage of dangerous materials and gases into the atmosphere. These transportations of the materials through railway line are gradually improving and in the future, there will be limited or no cases of accidents or destruction of property through this form of transport. The United States Railway system is used for moving various types of hazardous cargo across the country. The system is responsible for transporting toxic gas cargos across the state. Twenty percent of all of the gases transported in the country are done through the railway system. According to Spraggins (2015), this percentage is equivalent to 1.7 million carloads of toxic gases moved by rail. The perfect example of gas transported by rail is chlorine, which is essential for both the public health and major private laboratories. In addition, chlorine is necessary for purifying water. Due to its importance and its hazardous nature, twenty-two percent of chlorine is transported through railways (Spraggins 2015). It translates to 35000 carloads of chlorine annually. In addition, the railway system is utilised for freight of crude oil across the country. Approximately millions of gallons of highly flammable oil are hauled by rail to various destinations in the country. Reports and statistics by the American Association of roads in 2009 indicated that there were 9500 railcars that moved across the country in 2008 carrying crude oil (Mark, Seely, & Barrett, 2006). The high number crude of oil moved was because of its use

Early Childhood Education Essay Example for Free

Early Childhood Education Essay A Catholic Early Childhood Program endeavours to provide an environment and educational experience that is concerned with the development of each child as a whole person, and which acknowledges his/her innate spirituality. It seeks also to foster a religious awareness through meaningful everyday life experiences. This religious education experience endeavours to complement and support that which is offered through the home environment. Early Childhood Education lays the foundation for further schooling and provides the initial interface between home and school in a child’s life. Recognising parents as the first educators of their children, early childhood education seeks to build upon home learning. In establishing programs for young children it is important to remember that Catholic schooling is intentionally directed to the holistic development of students from within, assisting them to become fully integrated human persons. Our Early Childhood Program will provide an environment and educational experience which acknowledges the innate spirituality of every child, fosters the child’s ability to wonder, experience awe,overcome difficulties, love others and reflect God, their Creator. The Program will: ? Recognise that learning is a gift from God and the role of parents, as the first Educators of their children, is seen as vital. ? Recognise, value and build upon the child’s prior knowledge. ? Understand the: o Importance of developing problem solving and thinking strategies through play. o Structure through which young children experience their world. o Experiences necessary to give form to the child’s world which are expressed symbolically  through language, numbers, representations, movement, models and metaphor. ? Listen to children and their families, respecting their values, cultures, experiences and provide opportunities which support learning. ? Closely observe, describe and record the children’s efforts and achievements by monitoring progress and planning experiences which build on their knowledge, understandings, skills, attitudes and values. ? Facilitate a challenging environment which motivates and enriches learning and gives the child the opportunity to experience: o Independence and guidance o Free choice and direction o Incidental moments and planned activities o Child initiated and teacher navigated o Individual and group work o Free inquiry and explicit teaching The aims of our Early Childhood Education Program are to encourage children to: ? Develop a positive self image. ? Love learning and value their individual learning styles. ? Be responsible for their learning. ? Respect their own knowledge, background and culture. ? Take risks, persist and be self-paced with their learning.? Know, understand and use their personality, talents, personal ways of being creative. ? Learn through problem based play activities by doing and being actively involved. ? Learn through adults and others who scaffold their endeavours. ? Respect, value and accept all people. ? Experience the joy in the mystery and wonder of the universe. ? Feel valued and safe. PRE KINDY PROGRAM Pre Kindy is an educational program for children aged three years. The program is play based and provides children with meaningful experiences that promote the development of spiritual, social,  emotional, language, intellectual, creative and physical skills. These sessions focus on the child’s unique stage of development and the understanding that all children vary in their individual development. The teachers will create a caring, safe and stimulating environment that will nurture the child’s disposition to wonder, explore and construct meaning about the world. KINDERGARTEN Our Kindergarten Program aims to provide a relaxed, secure environment where children can develop at a pace appropriate to their uniqueness. Our Kindergarten Program will focus on all areas of human development – spiritual, emotional, physical, social, creative and intellectual with activities designed to assist your child to experiment and explore in ways that foster learning in an informal and fun way. PRE-PRIMARY CENTRE Infant Jesus School offers five full days of Pre-Primary experience from the beginning of the year. A close working relationship between Pre-Kindy, Kindergarten, Pre-Primary and Primary staff and students facilitates a smooth transition to Year One.

How Teenagers Consume Media

How Teenagers Consume Media Digital media is profoundly transforming consumer behaviour and traditional media business models. While creating new opportunities, its disruptive influence is being accelerated by the global recession. At the vanguard of this digital revolution are teenagers. While their habits will obviously change (especially when they start employment), understanding their mindset seems an excellent way of assessing how the media landscape will evolve. To this end, we asked a 15 year old summer work intern, Matthew Robson, to describe how he and his friends consume media. Without claiming representation or statistical accuracy, his piece provides one of the clearest and most thought provoking insights we have seen. So we published it. There are several issues that immediately jump out from the piece. Teenagers are consuming more media, but in entirely different ways and are almost certainly not prepared to pay for it. They resent intrusive advertising on billboards, TV and the Internet. They are happy to chase content and music across platforms and devices (iPods, mobiles, streaming sites). Print media (newspapers, directories) are viewed as irrelevant but events (cinema, concerts etc.) remain popular and one of the few beneficiaries of payment. The convergence of gaming, TV, mobile and Internet is accelerating with huge implications for pay-TV. For mobiles, price is key both in terms of handset prices  £100-200 as well as taking pay as you go as opposed to contracts. Mid-range feature phones still dominate, meaning that Sony Ericsson does well as thats their sweet spot. High-end smartphones are desirable but too expensive. Most prefer to own separate devices for music, and messaging. Texting is still key and use of new data services limited due to cost. Wi-Fi is more popular than 3G. While these trends will not necessarily surprise, their influence on TMT stocks cannot be underestimated. How Teenagers ConsumeMedia Radio Most teenagers nowadays are not regular listeners to radio. They may occasionally tune in, but they do not try to listen to a program specifically. The main reason teenagers listen to the radio is for music, but now with online sites streaming music for free they do not bother, as services such as last.fm do this advert free, and users can choose the songs they want instead of listening to what the radio presenter/DJ chooses. Television Most teenagers watch television, but usually there are points in the year where they watch more than average. This is due to programs coming on in seasons, so they will watch a particular show at a certain time for a number of weeks (as long as it lasts) but then they may watch no television for weeks after the program has ended. allows them to watch shows when they want. Whilst watching TV, adverts come on quite regularly (18 minutes of every hour) and teenagers do not want to watch these, so they switch to another channel, or do something else whilst the adverts run. The majority of teenagers I speak to have Virgin Media as their provider, citing lower costs but similar content of Sky. A fraction of teenagers have Freeview but these people are light users of TV (they watch about 1  ½ hours per week) so they do not require the hundreds of channels that other providers offer. Newspapers No teenager that I know of regularly reads a newspaper, as most do not have the time and cannot be bothered to read pages and pages of text while they could watch the news summarised on the internet or on TV. The only newspapers that are read are tabloids and freesheets (Metro, London Lite) mainly because of cost; teenagers are very reluctant to pay for a newspaper (hence the popularity of freesheets such as the Metro). Over the last few weeks, the sun has decreased in cost to 20p, so I have seen more and more copies read by teenagers. Another reason why mainly tabloids are read is that their compact size allows them to be read easily, on a bus or train. This is especially true for The Metro, as it is distributed on buses and trains. Gaming users, which has had an impact on phone usage; one can speak for free over the console and so a teenager would be unwilling to pay to use a phone. PC gaming has little or no place in the teenage market. This may be because usually games are released across all platforms, and whilst one can be sure a game will play on a console PC games require expensive set ups to ensure a game will play smoothly. In addition, PC games are relatively easy to pirate and download for free, so many teenagers would do this rather than buy a game. In contrast, it is near impossible to obtain a console game for free. Internet Every teenager has some access to the internet, be it at school or home. Home use is mainly used for fun (such as social networking) whilst school (or library) use is for work. Most teenagers are heavily active on a combination of social networking sites. Facebook is the most common, with nearly everyone with an internet connection registered and visiting >4 times a week. Facebook is popular as one can interact with friends on a wide scale. On the other hand, teenagers do not use twitter. Most have signed up to the service, but then just leave it as they release that they are not going to update it (mostly because texting twitter uses up credit, and they would rather text friends with that credit). In addition, they realise that no one is viewing their profile, so their tweets are pointless. Outside of social networking, the internet is used primarily as a source of information for a variety of topics. For searching the web, Google is the dominant figure, simply because it is well kn own and easy to use. Some teenagers make purchases on the internet (on sites like eBay) but this is only used by a small will) so that they can transfer it to portable music players and share it with friends. How teenagers play their music while on the go varies, and usually dependent on wealth -with teenagers from higher income families using iPods and those from lower income families using mobile phones. Some teenagers use both to listen to music, and there are always exceptions to the rule. A number of people use the music service iTunes (usually in conjunction with iPods) to acquire their music (legally) but again this is unpopular with many teenagers because of the high price (79p per song). Some teenagers use a combination of sources to obtain music, because sometimes the sound quality is better on streaming sites but they cannot use these sites whilst offline, so they would download a song then listen to it on music streaming sites (separate from the file). Cinema Teenagers visit the cinema quite often, regardless of what is on. Usually they will target a film first, and set out to see that, but sometimes they will just go and choose when they get there. This is because going to the cinema is not usually about the film, but the experience -and getting together with friends. Teenagers visit the cinema more often when they are in the lower end of teendom (13 and 14) but as they approach 15 they go to the cinema a lot less. This is due to the pricing; at 15 they have to pay the adult price, which is often double the child price. Also, it is possible to buy a pirated DVD of the film at the time of release, and these cost much less than a cinema ticket so teenagers often choose this instead of going to the cinema. Some teenagers choose to download the films off the internet, but this is not favourable as the films are usually bad quality, have to be watched on a small computer screen and there is a chance that they will be malicious files and insta ll a virus. Devices Mobile Phones 99% of teenagers have a mobile phone and most are quite capable phones. The general view is that Sony Ericsson phones are superior, due to their long list of features, built in walkman capability and value ( £100 will buy a mid-high range model). Teenagers due to the risk of it getting lost do not own mobile phones over the  £200 mark. As a rule, teenagers have phones on pay as you go. This is because they cannot afford the monthly payments, and cannot commit to an 18-month contract. Usually, teenagers only use their phone for texting, calling. Features such as video messaging or video calling are not used -because they are expensive, (you can get four regular texts for the price of one video message). Services such as instant messaging are used, but not by everyone. It usually depends whether the phone is Wi-Fi compatible, because otherwise it is very expensive to get internet off the phone network. As most teenagers phones have Bluetooth support, and Bluetooth is free, they utilise this feature often. It is used to send songs and videos (even though it is illegal) and is another way teenagers gain songs for free. Teenagers never use the ringtone and picture selling services, which gained popularity in the early 00s. This is because of the negative press that these services have attracted (where the charge  £20 a week with no easy way to cancel the service) and the fact that they can get pictures and music on a computer -then transfer it to their phones at no cost. Mobile email is not used as teenagers have no need; they do not need to be connected to their inbox all the time as they dont receive important emails. Teenagers do not use the internet features on their mobiles as it costs too much, and generally, if they waited an hour they could use their home internet and they are willing to wait as they dont usually have anything urgent to do. Teenagers do not upgrade their phone very often, with most upgrading every two years. They usually upgrade on their birthday when their parents will buy them a new phone, as they do not normally have enough money to do it themselves. Televisions: Most teenagers own a TV, with more and more upgrading to HD ready flat screens. However, many are not utilising this HD functionality, as HD channels are expensive extras which many families cannot justify the added expenditure. Many of them dont want to sign up to HD broadcasting services, as adverts are shown on standard definition broadcasts, so they cant see the difference. Most people have Virgin Media as a TV provider. Some have sky and some have Freeview but very few only have the first five channels (BBC One, BBC Two, ITV, Channel Four and Channel Five). Computers: Every teenager has access to a basic computer with internet, but most teenagers computers are systems capable of only everyday tasks. Nearly all teenagers computers have Microsoft office installed, as it allows them to do school work at home. Most (9/10) computers owned by teenagers are PCs, because they are much cheaper than Macs and school computers run Windows, so if a Mac is used at home compatibility issues arise. Games Consoles: Close to 1/3 of teenagers have a new ( What is Hot? Anything with a touch screen is desirable. Mobile phones with large capacities for music. Portable devices that can connect to the internet (iPhones) Really big tellies What Is Not? Anything with wires Phones with black and white screens Clunky brick phones Devices with less than ten-hour battery life Disclosure Section Morgan Stanley Co. International plc, authorized and regulated by Financial Services Authority, disseminates in the UK research that it has prepared, and approves solely for the purposes of section 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, research which has been prepared by any of its affiliates. As used in this disclosure section, Morgan Stanley includes RMB Morgan Stanley (Proprietary) Limited, Morgan Stanley Co International plc and its affiliates. 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